| Comparative Coagulation |
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Clinical Topics - Transfusion
Guidelines
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| Product |
Volume |
Frequency |
Indications |
| Fresh whole blood |
12 to 20 ml/kg |
q. 24 h |
anemia, platelet & factor replacement |
| Packed red cells |
6 to 10 ml/kg |
q. 12 to 24 h |
anemia |
| Platelet rich plasma |
6 to 10 ml/kg |
q. 8 to 12 h |
platelet dysfunction, thrombocytopenia |
| Fresh and fresh frozen plasma |
6 to 12 ml/kg |
q. 8 to 12 h |
coagulation factor deficiencies, vWD, DIC, hypoproteinemia |
| Frozen plasma |
6 to 12 ml/kg |
q. 8 to 12 h |
hypoproteinemia |
| Plasma cryoprecipitatea |
1 unit/10 kg |
q. 4 to 12 h
(as needed) |
hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
fibrinogen deficiency
von Willebrand disease |
| Cryosupernatant |
6 to 12 ml/kg |
q. 8 to 12 h |
hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency)
factor VII, X, or XI deficiency
vitamin K deficiency, hypoproteinemia |
a1 unit = cryoprecipitate produced
from 200 ml of fresh frozen plasma
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Transfusion Rate: |
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Start all transfusions at 1 to 2 ml/minute |
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Adult dogs: maximum rate of 3 to 6 ml/minute |
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Cats, kittens, puppies: maximum rate of 1 to 2 ml/minute |
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Component Processing and Storage: |
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Fresh whole blood: |
Transfuse within 4 to 6 hour of collection.
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Fresh plasma: |
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Centrifuged to separate plasma from whole blood, transfuse within
4 to 6 hr. of collection.
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Fresh frozen plasma: |
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Collect in citrate anticoagulant, separate plasma from whole blood
within 4 to 6 hr. of collection, store frozen for up to 1 year.
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Platelet rich plasma: |
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Collect in citrate anticoagulant, separate platelet rich plasma
from whole blood within 4 to 6 hr. of collection, process and
store at room temperature, transfuse within 48 hr. of collection.
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Packed Red Cells: |
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Collect in citrate anticoagulant, separate from whole blood within
4 to 6 hr. of collection, combine packed cells with additives
for sustained red cell viability, store under refrigeration (4
to 8 C) for up to 4 weeks.
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Plasma Cryoprecipitate: |
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Prepared from fresh frozen plasma, store frozen for up to 1 year,
unit size varies, check with each supplier for dosage.
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Cryosupernatant: |
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Prepared from fresh frozen plasma, store frozen for up to 1 year.
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Veterinary Blood Banks: |
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Sources of blood components include regional blood banks and blood
banking programs associated with veterinary schools. There are currently
four national commercial blood banks: |
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Animal Blood Bank: (800) 243-5759
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Eastern Veterinary Blood Bank: (800) 949-3822
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Hemopet: (949)-891-2022
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Midwest Animal Blood Services: (517) 851-8244
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Prices and availability vary. Remember, there are no uniform standards
or federal regulations for animal blood products. You should discuss
details of dosage and quality control practices with each supplier. |
